出框有两种:页面弹出框(可定位元素能操作)、Windows弹出框(不能直接定位)
一、页面弹出框
等待弹出框出现之后,定位弹出框,操作其中元素
如:
driver
=
webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(
"https://www.baidu.com"
)
driver.maximize_window()
#点击百度登录按钮
driver.find_element_by_xpath(
'//*[@id="u1"]//a[@name="tj_login"]'
).click()
#等待百度登录弹出框中 要出现的元素可见
ele_id
=
"TANGRAM__PSP_10__footerULoginBtn"
param
=
(By.
ID
,ele_id)
#元素可见时,再进行后续操作
WebDriverWait(driver,
10
).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(param))
driver.find_element_by_id(ele_id).click()
time.sleep(
5
)
driver.quit()
二、Windows弹出框
使用 driver.switch_to.alert 切换到Windows弹出框
Alert类提供了一系列操作方法:
- accept() 确定
- dismiss() 取消
- text() 获取弹出框里面的内容
- send_keys(keysToSend) 输入字符串
如:
#1:定位alert弹出框
#点击页面元素,触发alert弹出框
driver.find_element_by_xpath(
'//*[@id="alert"]'
).click()
time.sleep(
3
)
#等待alert弹出框可见
WebDriverWait(driver,
20
).until(EC.alert_is_present())
#从html页面切换到alert弹框
alert
=
driver.switch_to.alert
#获取alert的文本内容
print
(alert.text)
#接受--选择“确定”
alert.accept()
#2:定位confirm弹出框
driver.find_element_by_xpath(
'//*[@id="confirm"]'
).click()
time.sleep(
3
)
WebDriverWait(driver,
20
).until(EC.alert_is_present())
alert
=
driver.switch_to.alert
print
(alert.text)
# 接受--选择“取消”
alert.dismiss()
#3:定位prompt弹出框
driver.find_element_by_id(
"prompt"
).click()
time.sleep(
3
)
WebDriverWait(driver,
20
).until(EC.alert_is_present())
alert
=
driver.switch_to.alert
alert.send_keys(
"jaja"
)
time.sleep(
5
)
print
(alert.text)
# alert.dismiss()
alert.accept()
实例
首先复制下列的html代码,保存为test.html到与脚本相同的文件夹下。这个html文件包含三个按钮,点击后会弹出三种不同的弹出框,另外还有一个文字区域,显示刚才的动作。
<!doctype html>
<
head
>
<
title
>alert,confirm and prompt</
title
>
<
script
type
=
'text/javascript'
>
function myFunctionAlert(){
window.alert('this is an alert, it has a confirm button')
document.getElementById('action').value = 'you just clicked confirm button of alert()'
}
function myFunctionConfirm(){
var result = window.confirm('this is a confirm,it has a confirm button and a cancel button')
if(result == true){
document.getElementById('action').value = 'you just clicked confirm button of confirm()'
}else if(result == false){
document.getElementById('action').value = 'you just clicked cancel button of confirm()'
}else{
document.getElementsById('action').value = 'you did nothing'
}
}
function myFunctionPrompt(){
var result = window.prompt('this is a prompt,it has an input and two buttons')
if(result == null){
document.getElementById('action').value = 'you just clicked cancel button of prompt()'
}else if(result == ''){
document.getElementById('action').value = 'you just input nothing and clicked confirm button of prompt()'
}else{
document.getElementById('action').value = 'you just input \'' + result + '\' and clicked confirm button of promt()'
}
}
</
script
>
<
body
>
<
br
>
<
button
type
=
'button'
onclick
=
'myFunctionAlert()'
>show alert</
button
>
<
br
>
<
button
type
=
'button'
onclick
=
'myFunctionConfirm()'
>show confirm</
button
>
<
br
>
<
button
type
=
'button'
onclick
=
'myFunctionPrompt()'
>show prompt</
button
>
<
br
>
<
textarea
id
=
'action'
style
=
"width:200px;height:100px;font-family: Microsoft YaHei"
></
textarea
>
</
body
>
</
head
>
首先我们先实现:
1.点击第一个按钮‘show alert’,然后在弹出的对话框中点击【确认】按钮,并且打印你的动作。
2.点击第二个按钮‘show confirm’,然后在弹出的对话框中点击【取消】按钮,并且打印你的动作。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from
selenium
import
webdriver
from
time
import
sleep
import
os
driver
=
webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(
10
)
file
=
'file:///'
+
os.path.abspath(
'test.html'
)
driver.get(
file
)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(
'body>button:nth-child(2)'
).click()
#使用css选择器定位,show alert按钮为body下的第二个子元素
sleep(
2
)
alert
=
driver.switch_to.alert
#切换到alert
print
(
'alert text : '
+
alert.text)
#打印alert的文本
alert.accept()
#点击alert的【确认】按钮
print
(
'what you have done is : '
+
driver.find_element_by_id(
'action'
).get_attribute(
'value'
))
#打印刚才的操作(获取页面最下方的textarea中文本)
sleep(
2
)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(
'body>button:nth-child(4)'
).click()
sleep(
2
)
confirm
=
driver.switch_to.alert
print
(
'confirm text : '
+
confirm.text)
#打印confirm的文本
confirm.dismiss()
#点击confirm的取消按钮
print
(
'what you have done is : '
+
driver.find_element_by_id(
'action'
).get_attribute(
'value'
))
sleep(
2
)
driver.quit()
接着我们来操作:点击第三个按钮‘show prompt’,输入文字后点击【确认】按钮。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from
selenium
import
webdriver
from
selenium.webdriver.common.alert
import
Alert
#导入Alert包
from
time
import
sleep
import
os
driver
=
webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(
10
)
file
=
'file:///'
+
os.path.abspath(
'test.html'
)
driver.get(
file
)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(
'body>button:nth-child(6)'
).click()
sleep(
2
)
prompt
=
Alert(driver)
#实例Alert对象,但使用时前面一定要导入Alert包
print
(
'prompt text : '
+
prompt.text)
#打印promt的文言
prompt.send_keys(
'test prompt'
)
#发送信息到输入框中
sleep(
2
)
prompt.accept()
#点击【确认】按钮
print
(
'what you have done is : '
+
driver.find_element_by_id(
'action'
).get_attribute(
'value'
))
#打印刚才的操作
sleep(
2
)
driver.quit()